The People`s Republic of China has concluded bilateral trade agreements with the blocs, countries and their two special administrative regions:[13] The Court of Justice of the European Communities has decided that provisions on investor-state arbitration (including a special jurisdiction under certain free trade agreements) fall within the competence shared between the European Union and its Member States, and that, for this reason, their ratification the EU and each of the 28 Member States have approved it. [82] The European Union and Japan have signed the Economic Partnership Agreement, a comprehensive trade agreement that includes goods, services and investment aimed at eliminating tariffs, non-tariff barriers and other trade-related issues, such as government procurement, regulation, competition and sustainable development. This is a list of free trade agreements between two parties where each party could be a country (or other customs territory), a trading bloc or an informal group of countries. One study showed that trade agreements implemented by the EU between 1993 and 2013 “reduced adjusted prices by almost 7%.” [83] [2] trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2018/october/tradoc_157468.pdf Switzerland (which has a customs union with Liechtenstein, which is sometimes included in agreements) has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:[41] Afghanistan has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:[1] Below you will find the list of eu trading partner countries with links to the respective protocols of origin. They have also evolved to cover a wider range of areas to facilitate trade. These include public procurement opportunities, company visit visas, mutual recognition of professional qualifications, product certification, intellectual property rights and cross-border trade in services. . . .